The relationship between stupidity and vanity described as the Dunning-Kruger effect, whereby people with little intellectual and cultural level systematically tend to think they know more than what they know and to be considered more intelligent than they are. The phenomenon was rigorously studied by Justin Krugger and David Dunning, psychologists at Cornell University in New York, and published in 1999 in "The Journal of Personality and Social Psychology"
It is based on the following principles:
1. Incompetent individuals tend to overestimate their own abilities.
2nd. Incompetent individuals fail to recognize the true abilities in others.
The advance of Krugger and Dunning was simply prove in an experiment consisting of measuring the intellectual and social skills of a number of students and ask a self-assessment later. The results were surprising and revealing: the brightest felt they were below average; mediocre considered above average, and the less gifted and more useless were convinced to be among the best. These observations, along with curious seem worrying, because according to them the most incompetent not only tend to reach erroneous conclusions and make unfortunate choices, but their incompetence prevents them from realizing it.
It is based on the following principles:
1. Incompetent individuals tend to overestimate their own abilities.
2nd. Incompetent individuals fail to recognize the true abilities in others.
The advance of Krugger and Dunning was simply prove in an experiment consisting of measuring the intellectual and social skills of a number of students and ask a self-assessment later. The results were surprising and revealing: the brightest felt they were below average; mediocre considered above average, and the less gifted and more useless were convinced to be among the best. These observations, along with curious seem worrying, because according to them the most incompetent not only tend to reach erroneous conclusions and make unfortunate choices, but their incompetence prevents them from realizing it.
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