Ir al contenido principal

Substance P

Substance P is the first neuroactive substance that is proposed as a neurotransmitter. As for the pharmacological properties of substance P, they were demonstrated to check exhibiting potent hypotensive properties that were not blocked by atropine. He was later identified as the first active neuropeptide and was proposed as a neurotransmitter. In the 70s the structure is now known to contain eleven amino acids, of which six corresponding to the C-terminus are essential for its biological activity was determined.
Substance P (SP) is a neuropeptide of eleven amino acids, are much smaller than other neurotransmitters amounts, is synthesized in the cell body and transported along the axon to the terminals, it is synthesized as part of a prepropeptide ( preproteins or precursors) of higher molecular weight which then moves to the cisterns of the endoplasmic reticulum, where it is disintegrated to produce a proprotein. The proprotein is transported to the Golgi apparatus, where they may face its first split. Finally is subjected to a limited proteolytic cleavage so that shorter and assembled in neurosecretory granules occurring peptides. It not recaptada or recycled by nerve terminals. It stimulates contraction of vascular and extravascular smooth muscle, causes intense salivation reinforcement.
Has shown the presence of substance P in the brain and other regions of the SNP (iris, skin, via nigroestrialtal, salivary glands) and in most of the areas of the CNS, with high concentrations in the hypothalamus and in the dorsal horn spinal cord, its concentration in the substantia nigra is the highest so far reported.
it has set the release of substance P related calcium-dependent stimulation and apparently is used as a neurotransmitter by nodes for sensory synapses. It is believed that substance P has a function of primary sensory excitatory neurotransmitter in the spinal cord and sympathetic ganglia. Endorphins, morphine inhibit release of substance P cuts trigeminal nucleus. Functions are substance P stimulate the contraction of vascular and extravascular smooth muscle, causing intense salivation reinforcement and other central actions. It has demonstrated its presence in gut, salivary glands and in most areas of the CNS, especially in substantia nigra and hypothalamus, and in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord.


Comentarios

Entradas populares de este blog

ley de Monro Kellie

El cráneo contiene tres elementos : tejido nervioso, sangre y liquido cefalorraquídeo, cuyo volumen total siempre debe ser constante. The skull contains three elements: nervous tissue , blood and cerebrospinal fluid , the total volume should always be constant. Череп содержит три элемента: нервной ткани , крови и цереброспинальной жидкости , общий объем должен быть всегда постоянным. 頭骨包含三個元素:神經組織,血液和腦脊髓液,庫約общая總是Дебесерконстант量。

Cytokines

Cytokines are a group of proteins that regulate interactions of immune cells. His immunoregulatory function is key in immune response, inflammation.Cytokines are a group of small molecular weight proteins synthesized by many cells particularly immune cells.ts function is immunoregulatory be fundamental in communication and interactions that establish the immune system cells with each other and with other cells . Cytokines direct the innate immune response and specific immune response and are involved in inflammation and hematopoiesis. activated macrophages , eosinophils , neutrophils and NK cells , induce the production of reactive oxygen species and nitrogen and macrophages involved in hematopoietic processes. Involved in such important processes as inflammation, regulation of MHC expression (Major Histocompatibility Complex) class I and class II immunosuppressive responses, regulation of isotype switching of immunoglobulins ,

chasteberry

on the whole a genus of tropical and sub-tropical flowering plants. Mentioned Theophrastus the shrub Several times, as in agnos Enquiry into Plants . It has-been long Believed to be an anaphrodisiac but effectiveness remains controversial. Vitex agnus - castus is Widely cultivated in warm temperate and subtropical regions for its delicate-textured aromatic foliage and butterfly attracting spikes of lavender flowers in late summer in cooler climates. It grows to a height of 1-5 meters. It requires full sun or partial shade Along With well-drained soil. Under perfect conditions it is hardy to 10 degrees. It is Believed That some of the compounds found in the plant work on the pituitary gland Which would explain its effects on hormona l levels. A study has shown That extracts of the fruit of VAC can bind to opiate receptors; This Could Explain why you reduce intake of VAC PMS discomforts. The mechanism of action is not fully Understood but it is Assumed that resultanting it has dopam...