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Damiana Willd , Commonly Known as Damiana , is employed in traditional medicine as a stimulant, aphrodisiac, and diuretic. Its leaves and stems are used for flavoring and infusion. Damiana is Considered to be safe for medical use by the FDA. Have Pharmacological studies established the hypoglycemic, antiaromatase, prosexual, estrogenic, anti-bacterial, and antioxidant activity of T. diffusa. The aim of the present study was to Evaluate the possible cytotoxic effect of extracts and organic fractions of esta plant on five tumor cell lines (SiHa, C- 33, Hep G2 , MDA-MB-231 , and T-47D ) and regular human fibroblasts. The results show That the methanolic extract (ToM) greater activity on displayed MDA-MB-23 1 breast cancer cells (with an IC50 of 30.67 mg / mL) than on the other cancer cell lines. Four organic fractions of esta extract exhibited activity on This cancer cell line. In the most active fraction (F4), two active compounds Were isolated, arbutin,  and apigenin . This is the fir

dandelion   is used in many traditional and modern herbal medical systems, as you have-been documented Particularly in Asia, Europe, and North America. The root Primarily is Considered a gastrointestinal remedy , supporting digestion and liver function, while the leaf is used as a diuretic and bitter digestive stimulant. Among Dandelions are weeds The most recognizable in the world. Traditional use goes back so far as to predate written records. The leaf of Chinese dandelion (T mongolicum) was first Mentioned in writing in the Tang Materia Medica (659 AD) and is classically Considered a valuable remedy in Chinese medicine, Both topically and internally, for treating abscesses, reducing eye inflammation, and provoking diuresis . Dandelion leaf and root Both Have Been Studied for Their effects on digestion, mostly as bitter digestive stimulants. dandelion root has-been Investigated for demulcent, prebiotic, hypoglycemic, and immune-modulating effects. Dandelion le

The taspine is a secotetrahidroiso alkaloid isolated from plants quinolinic Leontice eversmannii, (Leonticaceae) Caulophyllum robustum , liliflora Magnolia bark and Croton lechleri. As for its chemical composition, in the cortex (latex) are scientists have  found: steroids, coumarins , alkaloids ( taspine) , flavonoids , tannins (54%), saponins (low concentration), anthocyanins , phenolic compounds (gallic acid) ; also it contains vitamin A, E and C, starch, cellulose, fats, lignans ( mucilages , proteins, catechins (epicatechin, gallocatequina , epigallocatechin ), etc. All this means that there are two species used in traditional medicine are the Croton lechleri Muell . Arg and Croton draconoides var . Cordatus Muell . Arg .  They have very similar chemical and therapeutic properties. It has anti-inflammatory activity. The candidate taspine is as estrogen receptor antagonist in the treatment of breast cancer estrogen independent

Neuronal plasticity , also called neuroplasticity, neural plasticity and synaptic plasticity is the property that emerges from the nature and function of neurons when they establish communication and modulates the perception of environmental stimuli, both those entering and those who out. Or neuroplasticity neuronal plasticity is the ability of the brain to form new neural connections throughout life in response to new information, to sensory stimulation, development, dysfunction or damage . Neuroplasticity is known as the "renewal of brain wiring ".

Cytokines are a group of proteins that regulate interactions of immune cells. His immunoregulatory function is key in immune response, inflammation.Cytokines are a group of small molecular weight proteins synthesized by many cells particularly immune cells.ts function is immunoregulatory be fundamental in communication and interactions that establish the immune system cells with each other and with other cells . Cytokines direct the innate immune response and specific immune response and are involved in inflammation and hematopoiesis. activated macrophages , eosinophils , neutrophils and NK cells , induce the production of reactive oxygen species and nitrogen and macrophages involved in hematopoietic processes. Involved in such important processes as inflammation, regulation of MHC expression (Major Histocompatibility Complex) class I and class II immunosuppressive responses, regulation of isotype switching of immunoglobulins ,

Alzheimer's disease (AD) has become a growing problem in the medical, psychiatric, neurological, epidemiological, social and economic order, particularly in countries with a high life expectancy Alzheimer's dementia can be classified according to the age of onset in presenile or early onset, which appears before age 65 and senile or late onset, ie onset after age 65. It according to the presence or absence of a family history of the disease is classified into familial AD and sporadic AD, respectively. However, these classifications are not mutually exclusive. The development achieved by genetic has demonstrated the involvement of several chromosomes in the development of the disease. Chromosomes 1, 14 and 21 are associated with familial forms of start precoz. While late onset forms appear linked to chromosomes 12 and 19 In this paper we delved into the study of chromosome 21 and the amyloid beta protein , because there are many findings that relate to deposit excess am

Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) , also known as delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol, is the main psychoactive constituent of cannabis. What first they isolated in 1964 Raphael Mechoulam and Yechiel Gaoni, when pure, is a glassy solid at low temperatures, and becomes viscous and sticky when heated. THC is poorly soluble in water, but dissolves readily in most organic solvents, specifically lipids and alcohols . As most pharmacologically active secondary metabolites of plants, it is believed that THC cannabis is involved in the defense mechanism of the plant, perhaps against herbivores,  but now still unknown. THC also possesses high absorption properties UV-B (280-315 nm) ; it has been speculated that it could protect the plant from harmful UV radiation exposure. Its pharmacological effects are the result of its relationship with cannabinol specific receptors located in the brain and throughout the body. The pharmacological actions of THC partially result from their agonist activity at the

It is an area of the cortex that is buried within the lateral sulcus and forms its floor. only it can be examined when surdo lateral lips are widely separated. Histologically, the back is granulosa previous agranulosa, which resembles cortical areas known adyacentes.your connections incompletely. associated with visceral functions Es un área de la corteza que está enterrada dentro del surco lateral y forma su piso. sólo puede ser examinada cuando se separan ampliamente los labios del surdo lateral. Histológicamente , la parte posterior es granulosa y la anterior agranulosa, lo cual asemeja a las áreas corticales adyacentes.Sus conexiones se conocen en forma incompleta.Se asocia a funciones viscelrales

Affron  Crocus sativus flower] is an extravagant, sweet-smelling spice used in Indian Commonly, Turkish, and Persian cuisine and is closely related to turmeric. Its use in traditional health Approaches have spanned Thousands of years, and modern research to back up ITS Seems commonly-Reported benefits. Like any spice, saffron May be a tremendous force Against swelling and irritation internal in the body. For years, research has linked esta network Past grass-like spice mood With health, showing It could be a powerful tool Against varying forms of depression. While it May not be a one-size-fits-all approach, saffron supplementation May be helpful for some people in regulating mood and mental health. Suggest the spice clinical trials could improve the symptoms of depression. The exact Mechanisms behind saffron Which exhibits beneficial effects Against mood-related disorders Largely unknown is; however, it's hypothesized That It May be due to antioxidant content ITS. Also saffron Ma

holy basil (Ocimum sanctum) is an herb that's Been grown in India for 5,000 years. It's a mainstay of the ancient Ayurvedic healing tradition and is one of India's Most sacred plants. Also it goes by the name tulsi Which means "the unique one. in Ayurvedic medicine, holy basil is Considered an "elixir of life" that Promotes longevity and is used to treat a wide variety of ailments. It was used by the ancient Also Greeks and Romans. There is an uncommonly long list of traditional use for esta healing herb. It's been used to alleviate arthritis, asthma, bronchitis, coughs, colds, sore throats, digestive complaints, earaches, headaches, fever, influenza, and skin problems. It has-been used as a remedy for common childhood complaints and illnesses Such as coughs, colds, fever, diarrhea, vomiting, and chicken pox. It has even used to treat Been scorpion and snake bites. By examining the single components of holy basil, scientists are now beginning to Underst

Flavonoids comprise a group of polyphenolic compounds widely distributed in fruits and vegetables, as well as in black tea, coffee, cocoa, beer and wine rojo.1-3 may occur from simple phenolic compounds molecules to very polymerised higher than 30,000 Da molecular weight. There is a consensus that the antioxidant activity of flavonoids results from a combination of its iron chelating and sequestering properties of free radicals (RL). Other authors also refer to inhibition of oxidases such as lipoxygenase (LO), cyclooxygenase (CO), myeloperoxidase (MPO), NADPH oxidase and xanthine oxidase (XO); preventing the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in vivo, as well as organic hydroperoxides. ROS react with biomolecules leading to cellular and tissue damage. Fortunately, the body has effective mechanisms to protect themselves from the harmful effects of these chemical species. These mechanisms consist of enzymes and nonenzymatic compounds such as glutathione (GSH), ascorbic acid, a

The fatty acids are important components of the diet of the higher animals and man. Are not only significant energy contribution almost double the contribution of carbohydrates and proteins, and several have specific metabolic functions. The structure of the double bonds (unsaturated) of natural fatty acids follows a pattern very characteristic and preserved. In a diunsaturated fatty acid, both double bonds will always separated by an intermediate carbon not involved in the structure of unsaturation. Linoleic acid is a very abundant in the plant kingdom and the animal essential fatty acid omega-6 . The vast majority of vegetable oils (with some exceptions such as olive oil, palm oil or coconut oil) provide significant amounts of linoleic acid. is in a very small proportion in grains and forage constituting the feeding of ruminants, these animals means that transform linoleic acid in any of the isomers of CLA . Is powerful reducing environment in the rumen biohydrogenation process

Substance P is the first neuroactive substance that is proposed as a neurotransmitter. As for the pharmacological properties of substance P, they were demonstrated to check exhibiting potent hypotensive properties that were not blocked by atropine. He was later identified as the first active neuropeptide and was proposed as a neurotransmitter. In the 70s the structure is now known to contain eleven amino acids, of which six corresponding to the C-terminus are essential for its biological activity was determined. Substance P (SP) is a neuropeptide of eleven amino acids, are much smaller than other neurotransmitters amounts, is synthesized in the cell body and transported along the axon to the terminals, it is synthesized as part of a prepropeptide ( preproteins or precursors) of higher molecular weight which then moves to the cisterns of the endoplasmic reticulum, where it is disintegrated to produce a proprotein. The proprotein is transported to the Golgi apparatus, where they may fac

Ibogaine is a hallucinogenic indole with putative efficacy for the treatment of cocaine , stimulant and opiate abuse. The purported efficacy of ibogaine following single dose administrations has led to the suggestion that a long-acting metabolite of ibogaine may explain in part how the drug reduces craving for psychostimulants and opiates. We report here that 12-hydroxyibogamine, a primary metabolite of ibogaine , displays high affinity for the 5-HT transporter and elevates extracellular 5-HT. In radioligand binding assays, 12-hydroxyibogamine was 50-fold more potent at displacing radioligand binding at the 5-HT transporter than at the DA transporter. Ibogaine and 12-hydroxyibogamine were equipotent at the dopamine transporter.   In vivo  microdialysis was used to evaluate the acute actions of ibogaine and 12-hydroxyibogamine on the levels of DA and 5-HT. Administration of 12-hydroxyibogamine produced a marked dose-related elevation of extracellular 5-HT. Ibogaine and 12-hydroxyib

Autologous platelet concentrates (APCs) are obtained by centrifuging the blood from the same patient. It is defined as the content in platelet-shaped supernatant after centrifugation of anticoagulated blood (Dugrillon et al 2002). Platelets play a very important role in the APCs, as they are the main source of mitogenic activity in blood plasma and function as vehicle carrying growth factors (GFs), mainly transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) insulin growth factor (IGF), growth factor platelet derived (PDGF) and other proteins that modulate inflammation and scarring (Carmona and Prades 2009). Autologous platelet concentrates (APCs) are obtained by centrifuging the blood from the same patient. It is defined as the content in platelet-shaped supernatant after centrifugation of anticoagulated blood (Dugrillon et al 2002). Platelets play a very important role in the APCs, as they are the main source of mitogenic activity in blood plasma and function as vehicle carrying growth factors (GFs

Ayahuasca is a hallucinogenic beverage derived by boiling the bark of the liana Banisteriopsis caapi Malpighiaceous Together with the leaves of various plants admixture, viz. Psychotria viridis Psychotria carthagenensis, or Diplopterys cabrerana. B. caapi contains harmine, harmaline, and tetrahydroharmine while the admixtures Contain N, N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT). DMT, a potent hallucinogen, is inactive due to degradation by orally visceral monoamine oxidase (MAO). The β-carbolines, however, are highly active reversible inhibitors of MAO and May Protect the DMT from deamination by MAO and render it orally active. This mechanism has-been Proposed to underlie the oral activity of ayahuasca but have not Been confirmed experimentally . Levels of DMT and beta-carbolines found in ayahuasca samples examined in this study were an order of magnitude higher than the levels reported in a previous study. Ayahuasca found an extremely effective inhibitor of MAO in vitro and degree of inhibition was

Zika, which was discovered incidentally in Uganda in 1947 in the course of mosquito and primate surveillance,  had until now remained an obscure virus confined to a narrow equatorial belt running across Africa and into Asia. . The virus circulated predominantly in wild primates and arboreal mosquitoes such as  Aedes africanus  and rarely caused recognized “spillover” infections in humans, even in highly enzootic areas.  Its current explosive pandemic reemergence is therefore truly remarkable.  Decades ago, African researchers noted that aedes-transmitted Zika epizootics inexplicably tended to follow aedes-transmitted chikungunya epizootics and epidemics. An analogous pattern began in 2013, when chikungunya spread pandemically from west to east, and Zika later followed. With the exception of West Nile virus, which is predominantly spread by culex-species mosquitoes, the arboviruses that recently reached the Western Hemisphere have been transmitted by aedes mosquitoes, especially the y

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and molecular hybridization were used for detecting and typing human papillomavirus (HPV) in 40 patients with clinical lesions as a control group and in 20 healthy subjects, biopsies on clinically normal oral mucosa. Amplification of HPV DNA was performed using specific oligonucleotide primers: MY09 and MY11 and for typing hybridization was used in plates comprising a mixture of probes of high, intermediate and low oncogenic risk, such as types 2, 4, 6, 11, 13, 16, 18 and 32. The results demonstrated the presence of HPV viral genome in 55 percent (22/40) of benign lesions of the mouth and 10 percent (2/20) in the control group. In oral benign lesions that were positive by PCR, we observed 90.9 percent (20/22) of the type HPV low risk and 9.1 percent (2/22) of HPV and low oncogenic risk lato. In the control group it was detected 5 percent (1/20) of low-risk HPV and 5 percent (1/20) of HPV high and low oncogenic risk.